|
| |
Eliminating the Risk of Delivering Network-Ready Applications
The transition from development to production is a risky one. Distributed applications that look good on the developer's bench often under-perform in the production environment. Even apparently innocuous changes to an application can cause big problems ...
Great Site Ranking In Google The Secret's Out
How many years did you register your domain name for? If it was only one then Google could hold that against you. Why? Because the majority of Spam websites only register a domain name for one year. A domain name registered for a longer period implies ...
Why usability is important to you
Usability is the measure of the quality of a user's experience when interacting with a product or system - whether a web site, software application, mobile technology, or any user-operated device. According to Usability Expert Jakob Nielsen: "On ...
|
|
|
|
|
| |
After conducting asset research for over 14 years for such demanding institutions as FDIC, FSLIC, and RTC, as well as major hotels and casinos in the gaming industry, property management firms, and many of the nation?s larger law firms, one thing that has emerged is a distinct lack of information ? not about the type of items searched, but the depth and quality of other searches. In cutting to the chase, the following is the result of the compilation of asset search guidelines, and should serve to assist in setting at least a baseline standard for developing a viable domestic asset search strategy.
Subject Identification
Prior to beginning the acquisition of information on any subject of an asset search, the subject should be properly identified. Studies have shown that as much as 30% of the American population uses undisclosed aliases and/or ?akas? to conduct and transact various levels of personal and professional business. This statistic does not take into account the existence of corporate, DBA and/or partnership entity names, which are created to transact the various forms of business on behalf of the principals of said entity. To properly identify a non-corporate subject, the following minimum recommendations are made for non-law enforcement environments: Obtain credit reports from the three major credit bureaus, per Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) requirements.
However, make sure that obtaining the reports is in compliance with permissible purposes as defined in Public Law 91- 508, Title VI (FCRA), to avoid tainting your pursuit should the matter ever be litigated. Remember, in the context of this discussion, we are focused on asset searches as recovery medium, and the basic assumption is that the asset search has already been determined to be sanctionable. This could be determined, for example, by a loan in default, a judgment that has been rendered, or a court order obtained for the release of the credit information in cases that are not clearly defined under the FCRA.
Remember this simple guideline: credit reports are legal post-judgment, for purposes of collection, and/or where consent has been given somewhere in the stream of the creditor/debtor relationship. In the case of a receivership institution
(i.e., where a director is being scrutinized for alleged conversion of assets), consent may also have been given for a credit history during pre-employment evaluation or as a policy-based condition of employment.
This is referred to as ?extended consent,? and constitutes valid use, especially in matters where a criminal investigation is under way, and where the conversion of assets is factually alleged as the result of a forensic audit or proven by admission. Be careful, though, as ?extended consent? from the employment perspective is still a gray area under the law. The following two items are available from credit bureaus and their sub-vendors but have less coverage extended to them under the FCRA, yet the ?FCRA compliance attitude? should be used when accessing them:
???Obtain social security traces from the three major credit bureaus.
???Obtain address update/credit report header information from the three major credit bureaus.
???Obtain voter registration information for the applicable jurisdiction germane to the primary, or most recent, residence of the subject. Some states have compiled voter data through private repositories, which should be checked for movement.
Match the information obtained through the independent sources to the information presented by the candidate in the form of the credit application with
the institution, and/or the information developed independently by the institution in the initial credit qualification process.
Many other methods of identification exist, but the above represents the very least that should be done. The reason for obtaining the information from all three bureaus, instead of only one, is to develop any alias and/or aka data, as well as current addresses (not specified), and/or any additional addresses that may provide venue data. This will assist the asset searcher in determining whether to advise the client to proceed with asset discovery in additional areas unknown to the client at the time the asset search was requested.
Address verifications are usually difficult without a physical inspection of the address in question, including a visual identification of the subject entering and/or leaving the address. Address information that is cross-referenced and verifiable through the major credit bureau repositories is usually presented in an asset search, and in most cases is very reliable.
To discover the current telephone number of the subject, methods available to the fraud examiner include nationwide telephone directories, criss-cross directories, directory assistance contact, and attempts at contact existing telephone numbers known by the client. There are other methods of telephone number development available. However, these methods should not be utilized by a CFE in order to avoid tainting the legality of the pursuit, in the even that litigation is ultimate undertaken.
Assets Determination
Assets determination usually constitutes an integration of certain liability data to offset the assets ?worth? in order to arrive at a net equity position. This is especially true in identifying and analyzing real property assets. There are multiple forms of asset determination, which are described as follows: Real
Property Ownership: A search should be conducted of the applicable county jurisdiction. The exception is in California where a statewide assessor?s index is available, usually through the ?lien date? of the prior year. This repository is made available through a private company, and is in no way sanctioned by any public jurisdiction. For traditional searches throughout the rest of the U.S., per jurisdiction research is conducted at the assessor?s office to determine if the name exists on the assessor?s roll, and/or if the known property (address) crosses-verifies to the suspect owner.
A search of the applicable jurisdiction?s Recorder?s Grantee/Grantor index (or general index as it may also be known) is then undertaken to determine if the property is still vested to the subject, and if any open Deeds of Trust and other liens exist which identify liabilities against the property. The search in the recorder?s venue should also identify (in jurisdictions where this is possible) the
Documentary Transfer Tax Stamp amount, which should be divided by the applicable factor.
This yields a sales price for the property, which should then be scrutinized by contacting a local realtor to verify the current market value. This ?thumbnail? market value determination would then be subtracted from the outstanding Deeds of Trust (encumbrances) for a net equity
value of the property.
Additional research of real property ownership comes in the form of updating the assessor?s rolls through the recorder?s offices to determine if the subject?s name has come into title to additional parcels of property, subsequent to the ?lien date? of the assessor?s records, which is in many jurisdictions up to sixty to ninety days old.
The searches in the recorder?s offices should also identify recent transfers of ownership of an individual?s real property, wherein the ownership may have been transferred to a family member, closely held corporation, or other entity. Based upon the guidelines established by the client, the searches can be permutated to include additional research on additional names developed during the study, which the examiner may feel has a direct relationship to the subject of the report. It is important to note that asset searches are usually requested on specific names of individuals, and it is an industry standard of practice to conduct the research on the specific subject name. Competent investigative agencies contact the client in some way to disclose additional names discovered during the searches.
Searches should also include information developed on real property assets jointly held in the name of the husband and wife. This information is usually indexed by virtue of the husband?s name, or the first name that appears on the conveying deed.
It is important to understand that an asset search does not automatically search property held in the name of a wife unless the asset search is specifically ordered on the wife?s name. If so, the wife?s name would then be included as a primary search name (parameter), and assets held in the wife?s name would then be covered. Quite simply, an asset search on a husband should usually also reveal information on spousal assets held jointly, but not necessarily include assets held by the wife individually or as sole owner, or under different name styles such as aliases or maiden names.
Vehicle Searches: Searches should be conducted of the applicable states Department of Motor Vehicles to identify all vehicles owned under the name and address given to the state repository for search purposes. Several states do not provide this service, as the tax registration responsibility for vehicular ownership rests with a county or parish jurisdiction. Where states will not provide this information, the applicable jurisdiction or jurisdictions should be researched to determine if vehicles are owned by the name given as primary search parameter. It is also important to understand that most assets search requests are not only based upon single name searches, but usually single jurisdiction searches as well.
Some examiners may feel justified in providing additional ?over-the-county-line? information in order to bolster the information developed without an additional asset search. However, single county or parish jurisdictions should be expected as an industry standard. Analyze credit reports to determine if current outstanding) and/or previous loans may have existed, linking this type of asset to the subject. Many times vehicular, vessel, and aircraft assets are not identified through standard search parameters, but are identified if the subject may have the asset registered in a different jurisdiction; if the asset may be registered under different name; or if the subject may be a guarantor on the loan.
Vessel Ownership: There are three possible forms of accessing vessel ownership information. The first is on a state-by-state basis at the Departments of Motor Vehicles. The second is at the county or parish level. The third is a search of the U.S. Coast Guard?s Watercraft Index, a nationwide repository of registered vessels over a certain length. Depending upon the location of the asset search to be conducted, one or all of these methods should be utilized.
Aircraft Ownership: Other than by ?intelligence? information which may have been submitted to the institution at the outset of the credit qualification process, the only method of developing aircraft registration information is to perform an FAA
Airman?s Search to determine if an FAA Pilot?s license has been issued, and/or if an individual has an aircraft registered in his or her name within the Federal Aviation Administration?s files. As with the vessel ownership search through the
U.S. Coast Guard Watercraft registration, there is only one national root repository that makes this service available. The service is resold through other database repositories, yet it is advised that the ?root? repository be utilized in order to minimize data transfer/loss from vendor to vendor.
Banking Information: Bank account searches may be the world?s ?second-oldest profession.? There is no specific way to access bank account information, other than by a multitude of artistic pursuits including the development of information within a consumer?s credit history; director contact with a banking institution; the use of sources in the U.S. Federal Reserve Clearinghouse System; or by sources and contacts developed by the fraud examiner with local, state, or national banking institutions.
This is truly the ?art and science? of an asset search, in that the ability to successfully identify banks rests heavily with the fraud examiner?s prowess in this arena.
The standard guidelines for bank account searches are ?exact name basis only? searches, with less emphasis placed on jurisdictional lines, since most bank account searches are developed via intelligence leads. In many instances, an asset search will refer ?no record found? to a banking institution under an exact subject name.
The subject?s name may appear as a signatory on an alternate account, possibly under the name of a disclosed or undisclosed entity, or as a signatory on an account held under the name of another. Bank accounts will not usually be disclosed in this fashion. Unauthorized information pertaining to a no searched consumer could compromise that person?s privacy under federal privacy laws, the FCRA and the CCPA, as well as many other statutes.
It is safe to say that most agencies are quick to obtain at least some banking information. This should rest with the successful Write of Execution language, constructed by counsel as served upon the institution?s regional administrative and/or corporate offices (for examples send a request to tomlawson@apscreen.com).
In Part 2 of this article, we?ll look at other financial and business information that should be gathered during an asset search, liability-related data which impacts the subject?s net worth as well as other information.
About the Author
Thomas C. Lawson, CFE, CII is President and Founder of APSCREEN International, the world?s leading full service Consumer Reporting Agency since 1980. Lawson is called ?one of the real pros? as he has helped to reshape laws including those for employment screening, permissible credit reporting, asset discovery and fraud examination. Tom is a Life Member of: ACFE, ASIS, SHRM, PIHRA, PNRRA, PRRN, CII, WAD, WIN, FCAOC and OCEMA.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Data Recovery
Data Recovery
Get Paid To Submit Photos To The Internet!
CameraDollars.com Discover How
To Get Paid With Your Digital Camera! Converts Better Than Survey Sites And Data
Entry Sites. Check It Out! Also Check Out EasyWritingBiz.com And
ToiletTrainMyCat.com Data Recovery Goto www.cameradollars.com Data Recovery.
Get Paid To Write On The Internet.
Discover How To Get Paid To Write
(freelance) For People On The Internet With Very Little Or No Experience!
Converts Better Than Survey, Data Entry, And Investigation Sites. Also Check Out CameraDollars.com.
ShoppingJobs.net Get Paid To Shop With One Time Offer!!
Whole New Look!
Get Paid To Shop!! Data Recovery. Better Than Paid Surveys, Data Entry,
Detective Sites And Grants! Oto Converting Too! The Best Mystery Shopping,
Secret Shopping, Work At Home Site!
Web Data Parser.
Extract Useful Data From Virtually Any Site On The Web.
High Data Recovery Super High Converting Job Site!
TradeTrend.com Offers
An Amazing Data Recovery Or. Per Sale. New Program Is Getting Super
High Conversions. Employment Site Offering Jobs In Focus Groups, Data Entry,
Mystery Shopping And More.
RestoreMyFiles.com Data Recovery Software ___Recover Deleted Fi.
Restore
My Files Data Recovery Software! x Better Conversions We Pay Super
Data Recovery ! Check It Out!
Secretarial & Typing Work From Home.
How To Start A Secretarial Service
Business And Get Legitimate Freelance Typing & Data Entry Work From Home.
Recurring Government Grants.
Recurring Data Recovery On The Data
Recovery Grant
Product On CB! Federal Grants, State Grants, Foundation Grants & More! Grants
Are Hot! Better Than Surveys And Data Entry! Data Recovery Say Goodbye To One
Time Data Recovery & Hello To Recurring Payments!
Spiritual Recovery From Narcissistic Abu.
Spiritual Recovery From
Narcissistic Abuse Is A Powerful Page Ebook Written To Guide Those Who Have
Been Involved In Relati.
Master Trading Futures.
Learn To Day Trade Futures From A Floor Trader With
Trading Software Simulator, Sample FtseFutures, EMini S&pData.
RecoverDeletedFiles.net___Top Ranked Data Recovery Software For Your HardDrive.
Data Recovery For Every Sale! Data Recovery Software Ois Hot And Provides
Customers Something Of Value!
RestoreDeletedFiles.com Serious Data Recovery For Your Hard Drive!
We
Offer Of Every Sale To Our Data Recovery ! Our Software Recovers Lost, Deleted,
Or Corrupt Files And Daat From Your Hard Drive Saving You Time And Money!
Retail, Per Sale Goes To You!
Password Protect Your Usb Flash Drive.
Password Protection Program For Usb
Flash Drives The Market For This Product Is Endless! All Data Requires
Protection, From Your Kids Photos Up To Your Share Portfolio. Start Making
Serious Money, Fast. Great Website That Converts, Great Ppc Sales!
,A Month Data Recovery Data Center.
Every Thing You Need To Learn How
To Become Successful Online Is Just A Click Away.
Complete Recovery From Anxiety And Panic.
The Only Book You Will Ever Need
In Your Search For Answers, Written By ExSufferer Paul David.
CBprosense CB Data Feeds.
Adsense Like Content Relevant CB Datafeeds. Turn
Your Pags Into Instant Data Recovery Collectors, Automatically.
Addiction Free Forever Program.
A Complete Athome Addiction Recovery
Program That Permanently And Naturally Cures An Alcohol Or Drug Addiction. Data
Recovery : Earn Data Recovery !
Horse Racing System.
A Truly Different Unique Horse Racing Betting System. A
Step By Step Method That Enables You To Decipher Online Live Data.
Dog Owners Speak Out.
Hip Dysplasia Surgery & Recovery.
Line Count And Invoice Program.
The Perfect Line Count And Invoice
Program For The Medical Or Legal Transcriptionist, Secretary, Or Data Entry
Person And Easy To Use!
Earn Per Sale! Only Product Its Kind On CB!
This Is Brand New!
Judgment Recovery Cash Flow System! Http:www.judgment Recovery cash.com. Get In
Now. This Will Be A Huge Seller! Big Data Recovery.
Get Paid To Play Second Life Online! New Hot Selling CB Niche.
Converts
Better Than Data Entry, Survey, Gas, Stock, Forex, And Other Job Related Sites.
We Experienced :Conversions During Prelaunch. The Sales Page Was Written By One
Of The Best Copywriters In The World. We Pay Out Data Recovery Plus Bonuses!
Steps To A Depression Free Life.
Unique Self Help Coaching Program For
Longterm Recovery From Depression.
The Secret Is Out. Recovery From Parkinsons Disease Is Possible.
Information, Resources And Support To Persons With Parkinson's Disease. Earn
On All Products And Reoccurring Subscriptions To Parkinsons Recovery Memberships
@.Per Month. Membership Special: Day Trial For Only
Sneaky Clean.
Sneaky Clean Comprehensively Deletes Data History, And
Recaptures System Resources. Data Recovery Earn Per Sale.
Keyword Magic Professional Keyword Research.
Find 's Of Profitable
Keywords With Little Competition. Dig Deep Into Keywords, Refine, Sort And
Easily Export Or Copy As Normal, With Quotes Andor Brackets With Just Click!
View Ppc Data And Google Ads! Pays Or per Sale!!
Internet Cash Geyser Legitimate Opportunities!
Making Data Recovery Rich!
Earn (Plus Of Oto (). Converting :Very Low Return. Converts Better Than Paid
Survey Sites, Data Entry Sites, And Data Recovery Marketing Sites. Any Kind Of
Tracking. Jump On Board!
Recoverlostfiles.net Data Recovery SoftwareDeleted Or Lost Files.
Top
Rated Data Recovery Software With Data Recovery On Every Sale! Easy To Sells!
Our Website Is Optimized For Search Engines. We Offer Google Adwords Tracking
Codes.
The Amazing Sales Letter Creator.
Just Plugin Your Product Data And Out
Pops A Forumulated Sales Letter!
Earn Data Recovery With Keyword Software For Wordtracker.
Our Software
Program, KeywordCruncher, Is A Companion To The Popular WordTracker Keyword
Research Service. Import Wordtracker Keyword Data For Further Analysis, Sorting,
Printing, Combining Of Keyword Lists And More. Earn Data Recovery !
Instant File Recovery.
Data Recovery Software. Recover And Restore Lostdeleted Files, Data & Photos.
Data Recovery Software Deleted File Recovery Data Recovery.
Deleted
File Recovery Combines Simplicity Of Use And Speed With The Most Powerful Data
Recovery Engine, Together With A Unique Capability Of Onthefly Viewing While
The Search Is Being Conducted.
Violin Makers And Collectibles.
Violin Makers Data And Unusual EBooks.
The Recovery Club.
Bullet Proof Your Drug & Alcohol Recovery. Relapse
Prevention And Sober Life Skills Course. Alcoholism, Sobriety, Addiction Info.
Multimedia.
Divorce And Separation Recovery Program.
The Amazing Recovery Eprogram For
Men. Get Over Your Separation In The Shortest Possible Time And Feel Normal
Again! Developed By Separated Men! Guaranteed!
Fatigue Be Gone! Jumpstart To Recovery.
Of American Women Suffer From
Adrenal Fatigue & Other Hidden Fatigues. Bottom Line Help From A Former Fatigue
Sufferer. Are You Ready To Get Your Groove Back? Let Me Show You How. ..
Help With Child Behavior Problems!
If You Have A Child With Troublesome
Behavior, Review These Treatment Plans That Worked For More Than Successful
Solutions. See What Worked For Other Children With The Same Type Of Problem.
Outcome Data And Secrets For Costfree Treatment Funding!
Protecting Th Athletes Knee: Acl Prevention Recovery Training.
This
Comprehensive Training Guide Developed By Sports Medicine Physical Thepraists
And And Endorsed By MDs, Will Aid Any Weekend Warriors And Competitve Athletes
In Their Quest To Prevent Serious Knee Injuries And Return To Play Without Fear
Of Reinjury.
MiMU Files Data Recovery Data Recovery Software.
MiMU Files Data
Recovery. , Is A Data Recovery Software Allowing An Extreme Fast Engine To Scan Any
Kind Of Drives, For Corrupted, Deleted, Unfound Files Directories. Use This
Software To Recover Your Most Important Lost Data And Files.
Alcoholism & Drug Addiction Recovery Workbook.
Alcoholism And Drug Addiction
Is Not A Disease But A Choice! This Workbook Is For Those Who Struggle With
' Recovery ' And Just Cant Find The Answers They Seek In Aa, Na Or Current
Treatment Programs. Practical & Empowering Selfhelp Recovery Information.
What Sells On eBay(R) For What.
A Bestselling Ebook With Over Pages Of
Prices And Data About What Items Sell For The Most Money On eBay(R). Also
Includes Median Prices, Most Watched Items For Every Category, And Popular
Searches For Every Category.
Top Keyword Data.
Shift Your Google AdSense Into Overdrive! Find
Killer Keywords That Nobody Else Is For Maximum Financial Results That You Can
Benefit From Almost Immediately!
Get Paid Just For Data Entry New Site! New Content.
Earing Money From
Home Just For Some Data Entry. High Converting Site, Make Of Each
Sale. Start Now To Earn Big Money With This Site. www.dataentryworkshop.com.
WUndelete.
WUndelete Pro Windows File Recovery System.
Australian Bookkeeper Accounting Workshop Practice Materials.
Self
Assessment Test Test Your Accounting Skills EBook Intermediate Level
Accounts Data Entry, Coding, Tax Coding, Reconciliation, Payroll, Profit & Loss
And Business Activity Statement EBook Advanced Level Ar, Ap And Year End
Accounts.
Data Entry Home Business.
Dont Pay A Fee For Some Socalled Data Entry
Program! Learn How To Start Your Own Data Entry Home Business. Become A Data
Entry Pro And Make Legitimate Money Typing From Home.
Official MyGoogleJob.Com nd Edition Make Money The Easy Way.
Jump On &
Make Some Money Now! Higher Converting Page. Very Low Refunds! No Data Recovery Link
Displayed! Paid Surveys, Paid Shopping, Google Money, eBay(R) Profits, Data
Recovery
Marketing, Data Entry Jobs, TeleCommuting Jobs & Much More! My Google Job Makes
Money.
OpinionPaycheck Paid Surveys W Videos!
Low Return. Earn Sale On The
Data Recovery Converting Paid Survey Site On CB. Better Than Detective, Public
Records Or Data Entry Sites!
EzNicheCreator Automated Niche Site Builder!
Create Web Sites Easily
Select Products From Our Integrated Data Feeds, Add Any Content You Want, Select
Appearance Options, And Create Totally Unique Web Sites With Multiple Streams Of
Income. Pays On Initial Sale And Recurring Monthly Membership Fee.
Proven Addiction Recovery Plan.
RehabStrategy Is A Unique And Compelling
Online Recovery Tool Designed For Addiction Intervention, Rehab And Aftercare.
There Is Nothing Else Like It Out There. Million Potential Clients. Use Our
Ads: Https:www.rehabstrategy.com Data Recovery. |
|
